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Samuel Gilbert Scott
Samuel Gilbert "Sam" Scott (c. 1813〔("The American high diver" ) ''historyhouse.co.uk'' (Retrieved on June 15, 2011)〕 – January 11, 1841) was an American daredevil who was killed performing a stunt at Waterloo Bridge in London, England.
Scott was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and served in the United States Navy, where he became well known for jumping off the masts of Navy vessels. Upon leaving the Navy he became a professional stuntman, passing the hat for contributions after his performances. Scott performed stunts in Boston, Massachusetts, Philadelphia and on the St. Lawrence River. He dived from a precipice near Niagara Falls, reported in newspapers as a 593-foot jump, although historians consider this figure to be impossible. Scott also worked as a bartender in Rochester, New York, where Sam Patch had jumped to his death from the High Falls in 1829.
In 1837,〔 Scott traveled to England to continue his diving career. He dove 100 feet in Manchester, 167 feet in Liverpool, and jumped from a 140-foot scaffold at the Chain Pier, Brighton. On the battleship ''St. Joseph'', moored in Devonport, he jumped from a 200-foot topmast. In Cornwall, Scott allegedly jumped from a 240-foot cliff into eight feet of water; this achievement exceeds the current world record high dive, and is also considered unlikely.〔〔
Scott was nearly killed in an accident while performing on an American ship in Deptford. He often swung from a rope by his feet and neck before jumping. While he was doing so in Deptford, the rope accidentally slipped around his neck and nearly strangled him. Scott was saved only by the quick thinking of a sailor who caught his feet and supported him, allowing Scott to loosen the rope. Scott's comment to the crowd after this accident was, "The hemp that is to hang me is not grown yet!"〔〔''The Times'', January 12, 1841, cited in ("Victorian London – Entertainment and Recreation – Theatre – Acts – Samuel Scott, The American Diver" ) ''victorianlondon.org'' (Retrieved on June 9, 2011)〕
On January 11, 1841, Scott planned to run from the White Lion Pub in Drury Lane to Waterloo Bridge, jump from a scaffold on the bridge into the river, and return to the pub during the hour between 1:00 and 2:00 P.M. Upon arrival at the bridge, Scott began swinging from a noose attached to the scaffold. Once again the noose slipped and tightened around Scott's neck. As had also happened in Deptford, the spectators erroneously thought that this was part of Scott's act, and no immediate action was taken. Eventually, one man in the crowd insisted that Scott be cut down, but it was too late. According to a contemporary broadside, Scott "was immediately taken to Charing Cross Hospital,〔A handwritten footnote at this point to the original broadside (reproduced in Jay, p. 151) reads "twenty minutes past three". The broadside earlier states that the accident occurred while Scott was "attempting to repeat the performance about three o'clock", suggesting that Scott may have earlier successfully completed his two-way run and dive.〕 where every attention was paid to him, but unfortunately without effect, as life was quite extinct."〔
There were conflicting reports of Scott's marital status.〔 According to ''The Times'' of London, Scott was residing with his wife in Deptford at the time of his death. His wife usually accompanied him to his performances, but was not present on the occasion of his fatal accident.〔
Thomas Carlyle mentioned Scott's death in a letter to his brother Alexander Carlyle, written on January 15, 1841. In Carlyle's words:
A wretched mortal that was wont to leap from top masts, bridges &c, and dive and do feats of that kind, perished in a shocking manner (as you will see by that Newspaper) here this week. One of his tricks was to ''act'' hanging; the noose slipt; he was found hanged in earnest! When I think of the mob looking at him, brutal animals, the still more brutal ‘gentlemen’ of the Bridge Committee encouraging such a scene,—few things I have ever heard of seem more detestable.〔("The Carlyle Letters Online" ) ''dukejournals.org'' ''The Carlyle Letters Online'' (). 2007. . Retrieved on June 6, 2011.〕
The case is further mentioned in Alfred Swaine Taylor's Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 6th American edition (Philadelphia 1866), p. 339, albeit giving a wrong year:
The death of ''Scott'', the American diver, in January, 1840, shows how readily asphyxia may be induced by a slight compression of the throat, even when a person might be supposed to have both the knowledge and the power to save himself... No attempt was made to save him until it was too late, and he was not brought to a hospital until thirty-three minutes had elapsed. He was allowed to hang ''thirteen minutes'' –– the spectators thinking that the deceased was prolonging the experiment for their gratification!
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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